References

Bakhmet'eva, N. V., V. V. Belikovich, L. M. Kagan, and A. A. Poniatov (2003), Formation and dynamics of sporadic E  layers throughout sunset-to-sunrise hours (new results), in: Summary of Presentations, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, v. 2, p. 699, Natl. Sci. Found., Santa Fe, N.M.

Bowhill, S. A. (1966), A rocket experiment on the structure of sporadic E , Radio Sci., 1, 187.

Buneman, O. (1963), Excitation of field-aligned sound waves by electron streams, Phys. Rev. Lett., 10, 285.

Cosgrove, R. B., and R. T. Tsunoda (2001), Polarization electric fields sustained by closed-current dynamo structures in midlatitude sporadic E , Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1455.

Dimant, Y. S., and R. N. Sudan (1997), Physical nature of a new cross-field current-driven instability in the lower ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2551.

Farley, D. T. (1963), Two-stream plasma instability as a source of irregularities in the ionosphere, Phys. Rev. Lett., 10, 217.

Fejer, B. G., and M. C. Kelley (1980), Ionospheric irregularities, Rev. Geophys., 18, 401.

Fukao, S., M. Yamamoto, R. T. Tsunoda, H. Hayakawa, and T. Mukai (1998), The SEEK (Sporadic- E experiment over Kyushu) campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1761.

Hedin, A. (1991), Extension of the MSIS thermosphere model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159.

Hocking, W. K. (1985), Measurements of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radar techniques: A review, Radio Sci., 20, (6), 1403.

Hocking, W. K. (1997), Recent advances in radar instrumentation and techniques for studies of the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere, Radio Sci., 32, 2241.

Hocking, W. K., B. Fuller, and B. Vandepeer (2001), Real-time determination of meteor-related parameters utilizing modern digital technology, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 63, 155.

Hysell, D. L., and J. Burcham (2000), The 30 MHz radar interferometer studies of midlatitude E  region irregularities, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12,797.

Hysell, D. L., M. Yamamoto, and S. Fukao (2002), Imaging radar observations and theory of type I and type II quasiperiodic echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 107, (A11), 1360, doi:10.1029/2002JA009292.

Jacka, F. (1984), Application of Fabry-Perot Spectrometers for Measurement of Upper Atmosphere Temperatures and Winds, Middle Atmosphere Program, Handbook for MAP, 13, 19.

Itoh, T., M. Nakamura, and Y. Nakamura (1975), Rocket observations of electron density irregularities in the middle latitude E region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 553.

Kagan, L. M. (2002), Effects of neutral gas motions on midlatitude irregular structure, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 64, 1479.

Kagan, L. M., and M. C. Kelley (1998), A wind-driven gradient drift mechanism for mid-latitude E -region ionospheric irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4141.

Kagan, L. M., and M. C. Kelley (2000), A thermal mechanism for generation of type 2 small-scale irregularities in the ionospheric E region, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5291.

Kagan, L. M., T. Ogawa, S. Fukao, and M. Yamamoto (2000), A role of neutral motions in formation of midlatitude E -region field-aligned irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 939.

Kelley, M. C. (1989),, The Earth Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics, International Geophysical Series, vol. 43, Academic, San Diego, Calif..

Kelley, M. C., D. Riggin, R. F. Pfaff, W. E. Swartz, J. F. Providakes, and C.-S. Huang (1995), Large amplitude quasi-periodic fluctuations associated with a mid-latitude sporadic E  layer, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1165.

Kudeki, E., and F. Sürücü (1991), Radar interferometric imaging of field-aligned plasma irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 41.

Larsen, M. F. (2002), Winds and shears in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: results from four decades of chemical release wind measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 107, (A8), 1215, doi:10.1029/2001JA000218.

Larsen, M. F., S. Fukao, M. Yamamoto, R. Tsunoda, K. Igarashi, and T. Ono (1998), The SEEK chemical release experiment: Observed neutral wind profile in a region of sporadic E , Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1789.

McDonald, B. E., T. P. Coffey, S. L. Ossakow, and R. N. Sudan (1975), Numerical studies of type 2 equatorial electrojet irregularity development, Radio Sci., 10, 247.

Murthy, B. V. K., S. Ravindran, K. S. Viswanathan, K. S. V. Subbarao, A. K. Patra, and P. B. Rao (1998), Small-scale (~3 m) E  region irregularities at and off the magnetic equator, J. Geophys. Res., 103, (A9), 20,761.

Patra, A. K. (2002), On the interpretation of the VHF radar echoes from the equatorial lower E  region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, (14), 1695, doi:10.1029/2001GL013358.

Pfaff, R., M. Yamamoto, P. Marionni, H. Mori, and S. Fukao (1998), Electric field measurements above and within a sporadic E  layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1769.

Rogister, A., and N. D'Angelo (1970), Type II irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 3879.

Roper, R. G. (1984), MWR Meteor Wind Radars, Handbook for MAP, 13, 124.

Rottger, J. (1984), The MST radar technique, Handbook for MAP, 13, 187.

Schunk, R. W., and A. F. Nagy (2000),, Ionospheres: Physics, Plasma Physics, and Chemistry, Cambridge University Press, New York.

Shepherd, G. G., and A. F. Nagy, et al. (1993), WINDII, the Wind Imaging Interferometer on the Upper Atmosphere Research satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,725.

Sudan, R. N. (1983), Unified theory of type I and type II irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 4853.

Sudan, R. N., J. Akinrimisi, and D. T. Farley (1973), Generation of small-scale irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 240.

Tsunoda, R. T., and W. L. Ecklund (1999), On the nature of the radar echoes below 95 km during counter streaming in the equatorial electrojet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2717.

Woodman, R. F. (1997), Coherent radar imaging: Signal processing and statistical properties, Radio Sci., 32, 2373.

Yokoyama, T., M. Yamamoto, and S. Fukao (2003), Computer simulation of polarization electric field as a source of midlatitude field-aligned irregularities, J. Geophys. Res., 108, (A2), 1054, doi:10.1029/2002JA009513.

Yokoyama, T., M. Yamamoto, S. Fukao, and R. B. Cosgrove (2004), Three-dimensional simulation on generation of polarization electric field in the midlatitude E  region ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, (A1), 309, doi:10.1029/2003JA010238.