Figure 4. The palinspastic reconstruction for the Late Paleozoic (end of the Carboniferous, 306 Ma). In addition to the plume projections and the oceans, the map shows paleoshelves (blue), the major petroliferous (red) and coal-bearing (green, not considered here) basins of this age. The figures denote the following oil and gas basins: Sverdrup (2), Pechora (3), Volga-Ural (5), Caspian (6), Tarim (7), Rocky Mts. (9), Paleo-North Sea (10), Dnieper-Pripyat (11), Perm (13), Midcontinent (14), Algerian-Libian (17), and Mendoza (18).