fig03.htm

Figure 3. Top, examples of glacial events of various ranks (hachured) and resultant climatic oscillations (supplemented after [Chumakov, 1993b]). Bottom, examples of climatic oscillations of the same ranks in non-glacial intervals of the Phanerozoic. From left to right, scales increase by a factor of 10 from column to column. 1 - glacial and non-glacial eras (glacio- and thermoeras); 2 - glacial and non-glacial periods (glacio- and thermoperiods) and ultralong-term climate oscillations; 3 - glacial and non-glacial epochs (glacio- and thermoepochs) and long-term climate oscillations (C2 -P2, southwestern Australia, after [Brown et al., 1968; Hambrey et al., 1981]); 3a - more warm and less warm epochs (thermoepochs and semi-thermal epochs) and long-term climate oscillations (J-K1, Siberia, after [Zakharov, 1992]); 4 - glacial and non-glacial ages (glacio- and thermoages) and medium-term climate oscillations (P1Ass - P1Sak, Western Australia, after [Condon, 1967]); 4a - more warm and less warm ages (thermoages and semi-thermal ages) and medium-term climate oscillations (J3 - invasion of Tethyan faunas into basins of Northeastern Asia, after [Velichko et al., 1994]); 5 - glacials and interglacials and short-term, "Milankovitch," climate oscillations (Pleistocene, Eastern European Plain, after [Stratigrafiya SSSR..., 1982]); 5a - short-term, "Milankovitch," oscillations expressed in variations of coloring and CaCO3 content in deposits of the Ticinella praeticinensis Subzone (K1Alb, Italy, after [Larson et al., 1993]); 6 - stadials and interstadials and short-term, "Milankovitch," climate oscillations (Qp3, Eastern European Plain, after [Zarrina et al., 1989]); 6a - short-term, "Milankovitch," oscillations of a lower rank than 5a, expressed in variations of coloring and CaCO3 content in deposits of the Ticinella praeticinensis Subzone (K1Alb, Italy, after [Larson et al., 1993]); 7 - secular variations of modern glaciers, Q h; SI = "Small Ice Age," VE = Viking epoch, GMP = the Great Migration of Peoples, BG.C.E. = beginning of the Christian Era (Tyrol, Ancient Egypt, Sumer; after [Mayr, 1964]); 8 - decadal-scale oscillations of modern glaciers in the 17th to 20th century (the Alps, after [Shnitnikov, 1961]).


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