In the National Volcanological Review, major results are given of research conducted by Russian scientists in 2007–2010 on the topics of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Kamchatka Peninsula with its famous Klyuchevskaya Group of volcanoes is the most volcanically active area in Russia and one of the most active in the world. Majority of researches and scientific results on Volcanology and Geochemistry of the Earth's Interior during 2007–2010 were achieved in this region. Besides it, the scientific results on the magmatism of Far East of Russia and Northern Caucasus are also included in this review. Major achievements in the chemistry of the Earth, geothermy, geodynamics, and deep mantle structure are featured. The studies as for the single volcanoes as well the regional observations are outlined. The theoretical and applied efforts connected to the volcanological processes are considered. All the required references are given.